A Simple Pre-concentration Method for the Determination of Nickel(II) in Urine Samples Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Techniques

The cloud point technique was effectively utilized for extraction and pre-concentration of nickel(II) in urine samples before measurement by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and AAS techniques. The metal response to a para-aminophenol (PAP) reagent in a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 medium was to form the Ni-PAP complex. The adopted concentration for PAP, concentration of Triton X-114, pH effect and water bath temperature, incubation time, salt effect, and interference effects were all optimized. The calibration curve was linear over the range of (0.0625–1.25) mg L–1 with a correlation coefficient r2 of 0.9682 for the UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a λmax of 629 nm. The limit of detection was 0.005 mg/L. The relative standard deviation for six replicates was 1.07%. This method was applied successfully to determine copper (II) concentrations in 44 urine samples of occupational worker samples as determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FAAS techniques

Review of Intelligent Control Systems with Robotics

Interactive between human and robot assumes a significant job in improving the productivity of the instrument in mechanical technology. Numerous intricate undertakings are cultivated continuously via self-sufficient versatile robots. Current automated control frameworks have upset the creation business, making them very adaptable and simple to utilize. This paper examines current and up and coming sorts of control frameworks and their execution in mechanical technology, and the job of AI in apply autonomy. It additionally expects to reveal insight into the different issues around the control frameworks and the various approaches to fix them. It additionally proposes the basics of apply autonomy control frameworks and various kinds of mechanical technology control frameworks. Each kind of control framework has its upsides and downsides which are talked about in this paper. Another kind of robot control framework that upgrades and difficulties the pursuit stage is man-made brainpower. A portion of the speculations utilized in man-made reasoning, for example, Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as fuzzy logic, neural network and genetic algorithm, are itemized in this paper. At long last, a portion of the joint efforts between mechanical autonomy, people, and innovation were referenced. Human coordinated effort, for example, Kinect signal acknowledgment utilized in games and versatile upper-arm-based robots utilized in the clinical field for individuals with inabilities. Later on, it is normal that the significance of different sensors will build, accordingly expanding the knowledge and activity of the robot in a modern domai

Preparation, Characterization and Study of the Photodecolorization of Mixed-Ligand Binuclear Co(II) Complex of Schiff Base by ZnO

In this work, a new mixed-ligand binuclear Co(II) complex of Schiff base was prepared. Moreover, the characterization of this prepared complex was performed by measurement of melting points, UV-Vis spectra, FT-IR spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and later compared with metal and ligand solutions. It has been discovered that the Schiff bases with Co(II) ion forms a binuclear complex with a stoichiometry of molar ratio 1:2 from “metal:ligand”. The photodecolorization of this complex was done under UV light for ZnO's suspension solution. The results of this photodecolorization showed that the greatest efficiency was obtained with the use of ZnO dose of 300 mg/100 mL and at an initial pH of 7. The decolorization activation energy for this complex is a small value of 11.289 kJ mol–1. Additionally, the thermodynamic study for this reaction is non-spontaneous, endothermic and less random

An integrated wellbore stability study to mitigate expensive wellbore instability problems while drilling into Zubair shale/sand sequence, southern Iraq

”The Zubair Formation is the most prolific reservoir in Iraq, which is comprised of sandstones interbedded with shale sequences. Due to the weak nature of the shale sequence, the instability of a wellbore is one of the most critical challenges that continuously appears during drilling across this formation. Historically, over 90% of wellbore problems in the Zubair Formation were due to wellbore instability. Problems associated with wellbore instability, such as tight hole, shale caving, stuck logging tools along with subsequent fishing, stuck pipe, and sidetracking result in increasing the non-productive time. This non-productive time has cost an enormous amount of money. The main objective of this research is to reduce the drilling time and cost for 8 ½” phase of wells in Zubair Formation by minimizing wellbore stability problems. This will be achieved by different laboratory tests on core samples from the targeted formation to obtain the rock mechanical properties and by applying a geomechanical model based on offset well data coupled with suitable rock failure criteria to obtain a safe mud weight and an appropriate well trajectory. Furthermore, this project presents some of the primary laboratory and wellsite testing techniques that are often used by mud engineers to characterize and remediate drilling fluids and shale interactions to improve the selection of chemical additives for clay inhibit. The present research work can be applied as a cost-effective tool to assess and address existing wellbore instability problems and to guide future neighboring wells for better drilling efficiency by reducing the non-productive time and well costs”--Abstract, page iv

Effectiveness of an educational program on type 2 diabetic patients’ knowledge regarding preventive measures of diabetic foot

Evaluate effectiveness of educational program on type 2 diabetic patients’ knowledge regarding preventive measures of diabetic foot after applying educational program. Find out the relationship between of type 2 diabetic patients’ knowledge regarding preventive measures of diabetic foot and sociodemographic characteristics. quasi-experimental (one control group and one study group) design study, has been utilized for the current study. Study carried out in Imam AL-Hussein Medical-City. A non –probability (purposive) sample of (60) adult patients who are diagnosed with type2 diabetes mellitus these patients have met the study criteria and they are divided into two groups, (30) patients are assigned to a study group was exposed to the educational program, and (30) patients as a control group was not exposed to the educational program. Result show that mean of score of Knowledge item in Pre-test (MS=1.33) in study group, and (MS=1.35) in control group. After application Program (Post-test) study group Knowledge improve to become (MS=1.84), While control group knowledge still (MS=1.37).Conclusions: Applied educational program effectively improved the level of knowledge of the study group participants based on the findings of the study

MANIFOLD BASED CONTROLLER (MBC) DESIGN FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS

A linear feedback controller is usually designed based on many approaches like poles placement, linear quadratic regulator and others. In this work the linear feedback controller is designed based on creating an output function named manifold function and then design the controller to regulate this function to zero level and keep it there for all future time. On the other hand the manifold function, is derived provided that the system dynamics is minimum phase with respect to it. This will ensure the asymptotic stability for the whole system. Furthermore, the manifold function zero level will divide the state space into two halves and keeps the state in one of them depending on its initial condition. This feature is helpful for the case of constrained states system. A linearized model for a container crane is utilized as a case study for the application of the manifold based controller. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the manifold based approach in designing a linear controller to constrain the sway angle within a certain limit during load transportation. In addition the designed controller was robust for the variation of the load mass

Classification of weed using machine learning techniques: a review-challenges, current and future potential techniques

Weed detection and classification are considered one of the most vital tools in identifying and recognizing plants in agricultural fields. Recently, machine learning techniques have been rapidly growing in the precision farming area related to plants, as well as weed detection and classification techniques. In digital agricultural analysis, these techniques have played and will continue to play a vital role in mitigating health, agricultural, and environmental impacts, improving sustainability, and reducing herbicides. Deep learning-based models are employed to solve the more sophisticated agricultural issues using individual CNN networks and hybrid models. Such models showed promising results. This paper highlights the major trends from the particular review of detection and classification approaches for weed plants. This review elaborates on the aspects of using traditional methods and deep learning-based methods to solve weed detection problems. It provides an overview of various methods for weed detection in recent years, analyzes the benefits and limitations of existing machine learning techniques, including deep learning techniques, and introduces several related plant leaves, weed datasets, and weeding machinery. Evaluation of the existing techniques has been compared, taking into account the real-world dataset used, images’ capacity, and shortcomings. Furthermore, this study helps to introduce the promising results and identify critically the remaining challenges in achieving robust weed detection, which could support noteworthy agricultural problems and assist researchers in the future. The significance of this study is to provide the potential techniques for solving illumination, overlapping, and occlusion issues of leafy plants, as well as other plant issues